The Society of St Pius X (SSPX) is a traditionalist and ultra-conservative Catholic order that is critical of the more modern reforms introduced by the Second Vatican Council. These progressive reforms include the commitment to interfaith dialogue, and the adoption of local languages in mass.

In February, SSPX announced that they would ordain four bishops without the approval of the Pope. The Vatican declared that if the ordination were to proceed, the Society would be excommunicated and declared to be separated from the Catholic Church as a whole.

For the purpose of this debate, “politainment” refers to the blending of politics with entertainment. This includes but is not limited to, politicians appearing on talk shows, music festivals, or in movies to appear "human" or "

<div>For the purposes of this debate, a cult is as a group of people bound together by extreme devotion to a set of beliefs, an ideology, or a charismatic leader. The term is often associated with high-control religious sects and belief systems, involving strict rituals, and a demand for extreme loyalty and obedience from its members.</div><div><br></div><div>An organised crime group (OCG) is a structured association of people who work together on an ongoing basis to commit serious crimes for financial gain, power, or other material benefits.</div><div><br></div>

Political centrism is an ideological stance that does not align with the left or right. Centrists generally champion moderation, pragmatism, and compromise between the left & right

A favourite is someone who is widely considered to win or succeed. An underdog is someone who is viewed to be in a position of disadvantage, and is expected to lose.

Claudia Sheinbaum is a prominent member of the National Regeneration Movement party (MORENA), and the current president of Mexico. Her campaign which platformed anti-corruption, led to her landslide victory in the elections. 

Recently, the Trump administration has pressured the Mexican government to prosecute key political figures including MORENA members Ruben Rocha Moya and Enrique Diaz Vega, for corruption and ties to drug cartels.

SAARC 2.0 is an emerging Pakistan-China-Bangladesh bloc of a  proposed trilateral framework for regional economic, technological, and connectivity cooperation. Initiated by Pakistan and backed by China, it is designed as a flexible partnership that some experts view as a potential alternative to the stalled South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), operating without India.

The People's Action Party of Singapore (PAP) has been the ruling party since the country's independence in 1965. The PAP's dominance is regarded as a combination of strong control over civil liberties, electoral systems & redistrictings which are argued to disadvantage opposition parties, as well as a technocratic government associated with Singapore's relatively economic wealth in the region. The PAP government has been described as an "electoral authoritarian" regime.

An investment property is real estate purchased with the goal of generating financial returns rather than serving as a primary residence. Investors make money through rental income, future resale value, or both.

Club loyalty in football refers to the steadfast dedication and emotional connection between a team and its supporters, often enduring regardless of the club’s on-field performance, management changes, or financial status. It also describes a club's commitment to retaining its squad and honoring long-serving personnel.

For the purpose of debate, there exist two separate planets. 

Lunari is a lush, Earth-sized world orbiting a pale orange star. Vast emerald forests, shallow inland seas, and rolling grasslands cover most of its surface. There are no cities, roads, or advanced technologies. The inhabitants, live in small tribes of 20–50 individuals. They build woven shelters from giant reed-like plants and spend their days fishing, gathering fruits, crafting simple tools from stone and bone, and sharing stories around bioluminescent campfires.

Meanwhile, Vexis is a heavily industrialised megaworld orbiting a brilliant blue-white star. Almost every natural landscape has been replaced by towering arcologies, machine complexes, and continent-spanning cities. The original oceans exist only as regulated reservoirs beneath armored domes. Its inhabitants, live in a hyper-advanced civilisation where technology permeates every aspect of existence.

The Egg Theory, from Andy Weir’s short story "The Egg", suggests that all humans are reincarnations of a single soul, living every life across all of time. While each incarnation has no memory of other lives, every action and experience is viewed as part of the soul's growth. The universe serves as an "egg," nurturing this soul as it lives through every life. 

You are a scientist that has recently invented a technology you have decided to call the Orwell Machine. The Orwell Machine, once used, emits rays which completely turn every non-human animal in the world into completely sentient and sapient beings.

The ongoing Israel 2026 war on Lebanon has resulted in over 3,000 casualties in Lebanon and the displacement of more than 1.6 million people. Despite a US-brokered truce and ceasefire extension, intense Israeli airstrikes continue across southern and eastern regions. Many Western Leftist critics and political analysts argue that Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu with the help of Donald Trump is utilizing the ongoing conflict to deflect from deep internal / domesitc political crises, mass protests, and legal troubles. Many Middle East analysts view Israel's operations in Lebanon as part of a calculated, long-term geopolitical strategy to reshape the region, dismantle Hezbollah, and secure territorial buffer zones in southern Lebanon.

A gift economy is a system where goods, services, or resources are transferred directly between individuals or groups without a formal exchange requirement (e.g. mutual aid networks, community gifting, open-source contributions).

A library economy is a system where goods, services, or resources are pooled and managed by a collective institution, which then provides access to individuals according to common rules (e.g. public libraries, tool libraries, community-sharing programs).

An income tax holiday (ITH) is a government incentive that allows eligible businesses to pay reduced or zero corporate income tax for a specified period of time..

The personalisation of politics is a trend where individual political actors and leaders gain prominence, power, and individual media focus at the expense of political parties or collective ideologies. It emphasises the candidate's character, private life, personality and style, and seeks to increase the politician’s likeability first before the forwarding of specific political platforms. 

For the purpose of this debate, 'objectivity journalism' is the practice of reporting facts fairly and without personal bias, aiming to inform audiences so they can form their own opinions. 'Activism journalism', by contrast, involves journalists openly using their reporting to highlight injustice and advocate for social or political change.

Virtue signaling is the public expression of an opinion or sentiment intended to demonstrate one's good character, moral correctness, or alignment with a socially approved cause.

There are two approaches to responding to domestic violence cases. The restraining order approach allows victims of domestic violence to request for a restraining order, instead of pressing criminal charges against their abuser. The threshold to issuing a restraining order is lower than finding the abuser guilty in criminal court.

The direct criminalisation approach increases law enforcement intervention in domestic violence cases, such as increasing police patrols and mandating reporting of suspected injuries by medical professionals. Abusers are also criminally prosecuted even if the victim does not intend to press charges.

You are a resident and a police captain in a region of high organised crime rates. You have irrefutable evidence that the well-respected Police Commissioner has been approving the illegal interception of the communications of individuals’ phones (wiretapping) without court warrants. Wiretapping has directly increased crime-solving rates and has made police work more efficient.

An AI data center is a large facility filled with powerful computers that are used to train and run artificial intelligence systems. These facilities contain thousands of computer chips, along with the networking, cooling, and power systems needed to keep them operating.

A moratorium is a temporary pause on an activity, usually imposed by a government, to allow time for further study, planning, or the development of regulations.

CRISPR germline editing is the use of CRISPR technology to change the DNA of gametes, or early-stage embryos. Because these changes occur before a person is born, the altered DNA can be inherited by future generations.

For the purposes of this debate, distancing language aims to distinguish individuals from broader communities. This includes but is not limited to sayings such as "not all men", "the government is not its people" and "just a few bad apples".

The institutionalisation of art is the process by which art, artists, and creative practices become recognized, regulated, and integrated into established cultural structures like museums, galleries, and academia.

The male loneliness epidemic refers to a widespread rise in chronic loneliness, social isolation, and emotional disconnection among men. 

A provocative persona is a deliberately crafted identity with the purpose of challenging established norms or eliciting strong emotional reactions from the audience

Technocrats refer to individuals with expert knowledge such as prominent economists and scientists. 

A grassroot movement refers to a community-led, local and collective body or social group driven by everyday common people.

Horror is a literature genre that depicts stories using supernatural, psychological, or exaggerated threats and metaphors. Social realism is a genre that depicts stories by showing realistic social conditions and everyday experiences.

For the purposes of this debate, class violence refers to the portrayal of physical conflict between people from different economic classes arising from inequality in wealth, power, or access to resources. (e.g. Parasite, Squid Game, Snowpiercer)